Nottinghamshire Glow Worms 2022 |
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Predicting the start of the
glowing season in 2022 I often get asked when the first Glow Worm will appear? Its a difficult question to answer and you would think that after monitoring the larval population of a colony for the over a decade, then I should have some idea by now. Such predictions are difficult and largely guesswork at best, but there are factors that needed to be taken into consideration. The ability of Glow Worm larvae to find food over at least two years is one, especially during periods of prolonged dryness. In the past, Sherwood Forest has undergone periods of very dry conditions which leads to the dehydration of Glow Worm larvae. During some larval surveying in the late Summer and early Autumn of 2013, Dilys and I found that some larvae were becoming paper thin and when rain did eventually arrive on September 6th, we found larvae taking on much needed water. The variabilities of the UK weather is without doubt the biggest factor in determining when any species will appear. Not just around the time of adult emergence, but over the course of the previous few months and probably well over the past year of larval life in Glow Worms. |
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Photograph by Martin Dale |
For larvae going on to become adult this Summer, having suitable weather conditions for hunting (warm and damp) and the ability to find enough food during the previous Autumn, is thought likely to be much more critical than during the Spring, as most pre-pupation development has probabaly already taken place. We have had over-wintering larva in captivity, which never ate anything before pupation. |
Average monthly minimum Winter temperatures 2008-2022 | |||||||||||||||
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2008/09 | 2009/10 | 2010/11 | 2011/12 | 2012/13 | 2013/14 | 2014/15 | 2015/16 | 2016/17 | 2017/18 | 2018/19 | 2019/20 | 2020/21 | 2021/22 | ||
Nov - Apr | 2.80°C | 2.08°C | 2.35°C | 3.28°C | 1.55°C | 3.33°C | 2.93°C | 3.59°C | 3.46°C | 2.68°C | 2.97°C | 3.50°C | 2.55°C | 3.61°C | |
Jan - Apr | 2.80°C | 1.62°C | 3.67°C | 2.75°C | 1.05°C | 3.62°C | 2.45°C | 2.35°C | 3.50°C | 2.47°C | 3.41°C | 3.82°C | 1.92°C | 3.40°C | |
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Date of first female | May 27th | May 24th | May 13th | May 30th | June 8th | May 18th | May 23rd | June 3rd | May 20th | May 24th | May 31st | May 20th | June 3rd | May 17th | |
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Average monthly maximum Winter temperatures 2008-2022 | |||||||||||||||
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2008/09 | 2009/10 | 2010/11 | 2011/12 | 2012/13 | 2013/14 | 2014/15 | 2015/16 | 2016/17 | 2017/18 | 2018/19 | 2019/20 | 2020/21 | 2021/22 | ||
Nov - Apr | 8.68°C | 8.04°C | 8.71°C | 9.79°C | 7.33°C | 10.29°C | 9.50°C | 10.26°C | 9.60°C | 8.51°C | 10.51°C | 10.31°C | 8.91°C | 10.41°C | |
Jan - Apr | 9.27°C | 7.67°C | 10.70°C | 9.75°C | 6.95°C | 10.89°C | 9.60°C | 9.30°C | 10.12°C | 8.57°C | 10.85°C | 11.30°C | 8.80°C | 10.90°C | |
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Date of first female | May 27th | May 24th | May 13th | May 30th | June 8th | May 18th | May 23rd | June 3rd | May 20th | May 24th | May 31st | May 20th | June 3rd | May 17th |
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Predicting the likely date of the first female Glow Worm of any year is difficult and not an exact science by any means. But temperatures over the latter months of 2021 and 2022 seem to be very similar to that of the corresponding Winters of 2016/17 and 2019/2020, so the first female at Clipstone Old Quarter in 2022, could perhaps be expected to appear around May 20th. | ||
Nottinghamshire Glow Worm
records 2022 The season of larval surveys ended on May 13th, with the first survey for female Glow Worms commencing with surveys on May 10th and May 15th. The first female was recorded on May 17th, at the bottom of Section D. This is an early date, in fact the second earliest ever at Clipstone Old Quarter. Contributors to the Nottinghamshire Glow Worm Survey 2022 Thanks to the following people who have sent in their survey results: Trevor Pendleton. |
Surveyed | Site name | Grid ref | Site type/habitat | Qty | Notes | Recorder | ||||||
May 17th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | The year's first female Glow Worm was found at the bottom of Section D, on a rather wet, but warm evening. Sections (in order of surveying) O,L,M,K,J,D,C,B and A were surveyed. | TP. | ||||||
May 15th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No female Glow Worms recorded during a survey for adults this evening. Sections (in order of surveying) O,L,M,K,J,D,C,B and A were surveyed. | TP. | ||||||
May 13th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
May 12th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
May 11th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 3 | Three larvae in Section D this evening, following rain for much of the day. Larval lengths included 20mm, 21mm and 23mm. | TP. | ||||||
May 10th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No female Glow Worms recorded during an early survey for adults late evening. Sections (in order of surveying) O,L,M,K,J,D,C,B and A were surveyed. | TP. | ||||||
May 9th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
May 8th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
May 7th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
May 6th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A single 20mm larva recorded from Section D this evening. | TP. | ||||||
May 5th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A 23mm larva was found fatally injured in Section A. Another larva was found in Section M, earlier in the day. | TP. | ||||||
May 4th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 5 | Five larvae found this evening, the count no doubt helped by the previous night's rain. Larval lengths and areas included two larvae measuring 22mm and 24mm in Section A, a 21mm larva in Section C and two 21mm larvae in Section D. | TP. | ||||||
May 3rd | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded during an early afternoon survey | TP. | ||||||
May 2nd | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A single 20mm larva recorded in Section A | TP. | ||||||
May 1st | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
April 30th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 2 | Two larvae in Section A late evening, measuring 17mm and 22mm, were the first larvae from this section since 13/04/22. | TP. | ||||||
April 29th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 3 | Three further larvae recorded this evening, with the first of the year found in Section C (x2) and a single in Section D. Lengths included 15mm, 18mm and 21mm. | TP. | ||||||
April 28th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 3 | Another three larvae mid-afternoon, all once again recorded within a relatively short length of Section D. All of the larvae in section D have been recorded similarly Larval lengths included 22mm, 24mm and 26mm. | TP. | ||||||
April 27th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 3 | Three larvae recorded in Section D this evening, with recorded lengths of 21mm x2 and 22mm | TP. | ||||||
April 25th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A single 21mm larva recorded in Section D | TP. | ||||||
April 24th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 2 | Despite the continuing dry conditions, a 20mm larva recorded in Section D this evening. A 25mm larva was also found in another section of this site. | TP. | ||||||
April 23rd | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
April 21st | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
April 16th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
April 13th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A single 16mm larva recorded in Section A this evening. | TP. | ||||||
April 12th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 2 | Two larvae measuring 22mm and 23mm, were found along Section D during a morning survey. | TP. | ||||||
April 11th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
April 10th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 2 | Two (live) larvae found in Section D this evening, with lengths of 22mm and 17mm. | TP. | ||||||
April 9th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 2 | Two larvae found in Section D. Larval lengths were 18mm and 20mm. Unfortunately, the latter larva was found freshly dead. | TP. | ||||||
April 8th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
April 6th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
April 5th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | One 18mm larva recorded along Section D this evening. | TP. | ||||||
April 4th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 3 | Three larvae recorded on a mild evening, although unfortunately one 17mm larva in Section B was found dead. Two live larvae, were found in Section D, measuring 16mm and 17mm. | TP. | ||||||
April 3rd | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 29th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 28th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 27th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 25th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A single 15mm larva was found in Section D this evening | TP. | ||||||
March 24th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 23rd | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 22nd | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 21st | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 17th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A 24mm larva was found in Section A this afternoon, but was unfortunately mortally wounded | TP. | ||||||
March 16th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 15th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
March 13th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A 15mm larva in Section A, was unfortunately found dead close to the path edge, having been crushed underfoot | TP. | ||||||
March 12th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A 20mm larva found along Section B this evening | TP. | ||||||
March 10th | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 1 | A single 14mm larva found with fresh prey item (Slug) in Section D this evening | TP. | ||||||
March 3rd | Clipstone Old Quarter | SK608674 | Gravel cycle path through former Pine plantation and grass/scrub strip | 0 | No larvae recorded | TP. | ||||||
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Larval survey data 2022 Now that the larval surveying season is finally underway, the size data obtained from surveying, is now slowly starting to build. Early larvae were recorded on March 10th (14mm) and March 12th (20mm) and following an apparent reduction in Glow Worm numbers along the grass strip survey sections of A, B, C and D over recent years, it will be interesting to see what the subsequent larvae and female numbers will be during Spring and Summer 2022. |
Fig 01. ... Glow Worm larval size ranges found at Clipstone Old Quarter during March 2022 Data correct as of 31/03/22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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9mm-15mm larval size range | Intermediate | 19mm-28mm larval size range | |||||||||||||||||||||
Section | 9mm | 10mm | 11mm | 12mm | 13mm | 14mm | 15mm | 16mm | 17mm | 18mm | 19mm | 20mm | 21mm | 22mm | 23mm | 24mm | 25mm | 26mm | 27mm | 28mm | |||
A | .. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | 0 | 2 | .. | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
D | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | 0 | 1 | 3 | .. | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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9mm-15mm larval size range 60.00% | Intermediate 00.00% | 19mm-28mm larval size range 40.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total % | .. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 40.00 | ... | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ... | 0.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Fig 02. ... Diurnal Glow Worm larval size ranges found during April 2022 Data correct as of 30/04/22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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9mm-15mm larval size range | Intermediate | 19mm-28mm larval size range | |||||||||||||||||||||
Section | 9mm | 10mm | 11mm | 12mm | 13mm | 14mm | 15mm | 16mm | 17mm | 18mm | 19mm | 20mm | 21mm | 22mm | 23mm | 24mm | 25mm | 26mm | 27mm | 28mm | |||
A | .. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 1 | 1 | 0 | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 1 | 0 | 0 | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
D | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 1 | 2 | 3 | .. | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
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9mm-15mm larval size range 04.00% | Intermediate 37.50% | 19mm-28mm larval size range 59.50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total % | .. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.00 | .. | 12.50 | 12.50 | 12.50 | .. | 0.00 | 8.25 | 16.50 | 20.50 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Fig 03. ... Diurnal Glow Worm larval size ranges found during May 2022 Data correct as of 11/05/22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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9mm-15mm larval size range | Intermediate | 19mm-28mm larval size range | |||||||||||||||||||||
Section | 9mm | 10mm | 11mm | 12mm | 13mm | 14mm | 15mm | 16mm | 17mm | 18mm | 19mm | 20mm | 21mm | 22mm | 23mm | 24mm | 25mm | 26mm | 27mm | 28mm | |||
A | .. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 1 | 1 | 0 | .. | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 1 | 0 | 0 | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
D | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | 1 | 2 | 3 | .. | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
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9mm-15mm larval size range 00.00% | Intermediate 7.75% | 19mm-28mm larval size range 92.25% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total % | .. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | .. | 0.00 | 7.75 | 0.00 | .. | 0.00 | 23.00 | 30.75 | 15.25 | 15.25 | 7.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Larval survey data
2009-2022 Data gained from larval surveys conducted at Clipstone Old Quarter during March, April and May in previous years, showed a decrease in the average length of Glow Worm larvae over the time period. We found that the average larval size from 2009 to 2014 was 20.32mm, based on the data gathered from a total of 771 larvae. The data also showed that larvae were on average, considerably larger in 2009 (22.21mm) than in any of the following years, equating to 1.89mm larger than the average produced between 2009 and 2014. This has continued to be the case and the average length of larvae in 2016 was found to be just 17.99mm, showing a decrease of 4.22mm on larval length data obtained in 2009. The data in the table provided in Fig 02 below, is presented as (for example) 17.00mm/tL6. An explanation of this would be 17.00mm (the average larval length) / tL6 (taken from a total of six larvae) but this obviously changes daily after each survey, as the size data for latest weekly time period is continually recalculated and updated. The Spring average follows the same principle, but the average is obviously taken from the total number of larvae found that Spring period. |
Fig 02. ... Glow Worm larval averages during Spring 2009-2022 Data correct as of 06/05/22 * means weekly average data incomplete | ||||||||||||
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Week/period | . | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
March 22-31 | . | ..... | ..... | 18.03mm/tL27 | 21.16mm/tL6. | ..... | 17.90mm/tL13 | . | 18.44mm/tL90 | 17.63mm/tL28 | 00m..............m | |
April 1-7 | . | 23.33mm/tL3. | 21.27mm/tL13 | 18.64mm/tL70 | 19.00mm/tL5. | .... | 18.65mm/tL24 | 18.16mm/tL6. | 16.46mm/tL13 | 19.75mm/tL4 | 16.75mm/tL4 | |
April 8-14 | . | 21.14mm/tL14 | 19.58mm/tL17 | 19.19mm/tL31 | 19.66mm/tL9. | 17.11mm/tL9. | 18.27mm/tL59 | 19.11mm/tL16 | 15.00mm/tL3 | 19.71mm/tL7 | ||
April 15-21 | . | 20.45mm/tL10 | 20.78mm/tL18 | 19.78mm/tL53 | 23.20mm/tL5. | 18.34mm/tL34 | 18.62mm/tL22 | 20.66mm/tL8. | 18.26mm/tL20 | 18.00mm/tL1 | ||
April 22-29 | . | 23.32mm/tL25 | 18.74mm/tL53 | 19.97mm/tL39 | 18.77mm/tL9. | 18.61mm/tL25 | 20.20mm/tL36 | . | 18.83mm/tL6* | 21.66mm/tL3 | 21.27mm/tL11 | |
April 30-May 6 | . | 22.95mm/tL20 | 23.20mm/tL5. | 21.87mm/tL8. | 20.95mm/tL22 | 19.85mm/tL16 | 21.87mm/tL21 | . | 17.66mm/tL15 | . | 19.75mm/tL4 | 21.10mm/tL10 |
May 7-14 | . | 22.08mm/tL17 | 23.25mm/tL4. | ..... | 22.30mm/tL10 | 21.62mm/tL21 | 21.25mm/tL4. | ..... | 18.22mm/tL22 | ..... | 19.75mm/tL4 | .21.33mm/tL3* |
May 15-22 | . | . | 19.66mm/tL60 | . | . | 21.71mmtL/8 | . | . | 19.97mm/tL34 | . | . | . |
May 23-30 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 19.11mm/tL90 | . | .. | . | |
. | . | . | ||||||||||
Spring avg | 22.21mm/tL89 | 20.92mm/tL116 | 19.58mm/tL228 | 20.45mm/tL66 | 19.52mm/tL103 | 19.53mm/tL169 | N/A | 17.99mm/tL83 | N/A | 19.35mm/tL44 | N/A |
The size data produced since 2010 has been remarkably consistant where sufficient data was collected, showing a variation of just 1.40mm. 2021 and 2022 data is currently not included in this. Breaking the data down further, the average size variation in three of the years since (2011, 2013 and 2014) showed variation as little as 0.06mm. If we exclude the 2009 size data on the basis of being unusually large, then an average larval size at this site would be approximately 20.00mm. The relative consistant larval sizes suggests that variations in rainfall and temperature between November and March in any year, actually had no influence on larval size. |
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